AAMC speaks on coping with fraud.

Few if any American medical schools or other academic research institutions have formal mechanisms for dealing with accusations of dishonesty made against their scientists. The Association of American Medical Colleges has issued a policy statement, "The maintenance of high ethical standards in the conduct of research," to encourage its member schools to develop such procedures. The AAMC policy offers guidelines for protecting the confidentiality of the accused and accusers, establishing a two-tiered system of departmental and outside investigation, insuring fair procedures, and determining what actions should be taken once the allegations are proved or disproved. Policies are also suggested to promote high ethical standards in all research.